A patent application includes several parts;   

1. Applicant details - this can either be the inventor if the inventor is the person filing the application, or the institution/company which owns the patent. .

2.  Title: What the title of the invention is, it should be technically descriptive and reveals the field of the invention

3. Prior applications: if priority is being claimed, from a provisional application, then it must be specified in the specification. 

4. Abstract: a brief description of how the invention works

5. Background: 

      - A description of the field of the invention 

      - A description of the related art, including similar and related patents which involve the problem. 

6. Summary: Describes the problems solved by the invention and should convey what the invention is and how it actually works.

7. Drawings and Description of Drawings: an explanation of each drawing

8. Detailed Description: A detailed description is a narrative that explains the drawings and provides insights as to the best way to practice and implement the invention. 

9. Claims: Claims are the most valuable part of the patent, these are usually the last part of the patent application and indicate the key novel, useful and non-obvious elements of the patent.